Considerações iniciais sobre a regulamentação de ruído para aeronaves eVTOL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55753/aev.v35e52.35Palavras-chave:
ruído de aeronaves, operações, aerodromos, vertiportos, eVTOL, UA, MATResumo
A busca por novas soluções de mobilidade urbana deu origem a propostas de aeronaves elétricas de pequeno porte com capacidade de decolagem e pouso na vertical (eVTOL) para o transporte de passageiros e bens. Previstos para operarem em centros urbanos, estas aeronaves e suas operações precisam ser cuidadosamente regulamentadas em aspectos como segurança de voo e o impacto sonoro para garantir sua aceitação na comunidade. A considerável diferença entre aeronaves convencionais e suas operações em aeródromos e aeronaves eVTOL e suas operações no ambiente urbano é analisada apresentando-se algumas das principais características de 50 projetos de aeronaves eVTOL que possam ser de relevância na regulamentação destas aeronaves e suas operações. Para contextualização e comparação apresenta-se um breve resumo considerando aeronaves e aeródromos convencionais. A partir da análise de artigos científicos, whitepapers e documentos de natureza regulamentar, explana-se o estado atual da regulamentação de aeronaves eVTOL, dando ênfase nas questões que potencialmente tenham relevância para a regulamentação de ruído que ainda está em fase de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que atualmente há poucos elementos base para uma regulamentação de ruído deste novo tipo de aeronaves e operações, mas que projetos de aeronaves e propostas de regulamentação parecem estar alinhados com critérios para regulamentação de helicópteros de pequeno porte e aeronaves com rotores basculantes. Contudo, basear-se extensivamente na regulamentação estas duas classes de aeronaves não parece ser a melhor estratégia a ser adotada pelas autoridades aeronáuticas competentes, pelas diferenças que existem no que concerne características das emissões sonoras e procedimentos de operação. Neste sentido os autores dão sugestões que possa nortear esforços de pesquisa para apoiar o processo de regulamentação.
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