Otimização de um metamaterial acústico labiríntico para absorção sonora na faixa de frequências de 100–300 Hz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55753/aev.v35e52.36Palavras-chave:
absorção sonora, metamaterial acústico, otimização paramétricaResumo
O controle da energia sonora em ambientes fechados ao longo de todo espectro de frequência é um fator importantíssimo, especialmente quando o conforto acústico é uma necessidade do projeto arquitetônico do ambiente. Este controle é realizado pelo tratamento acústico, sendo o coeficiente de absorção sonora um parâmetro físico do material acústico utilizado. Todavia, os materiais acústicos absorvedores convencionais (e.g. espumas e fibras) apresentam limitações geométricas e operacionais no controle da energia sonora relativa a região das baixas frequências (100–600 Hz). Recentemente este controle ganhou notabilidade com o advento dos metamateriais acústicos (MMA). Neste artigo apresentamos uma avaliação teórica, numérica e experimental de um instituído metamaterial absorvedor de baixas frequências. O metamaterial acústico fundamenta-se na teoria dos painéis micro perfurados (MPP) e no conceito de espaços enrolados, os quais se assemelham a um labirinto. Os efeitos de atrito viscoso e difusão térmica, importantes na descrição analítica do modelo são corroborados por meio de uma análise numérica utilizando o método dos elementos finitos (MEF). O coeficiente de absorção sonora do metamaterial é maximizado por um método heurístico para a região de frequência entre (100–300 Hz). Uma amostra do metamaterial foi fabricada pela tecnologia de impressão 3D e avaliada em um aparato de tubo de impedância. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma absorção sonora de 0,97% em 216 Hz com uma largura de banda relativa de 49,0%. É demonstrado que o metamaterial acústico apresenta uma escala de sub comprimento de onda, uma vez que sua espessura total é de 0,026λ.
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